Well it was a fight but got the code coverage working with VS Code / Java and Coverage Gutters extension. Doing this for an exercise under preparation for the next Fall course on Data Structures and Algorithms. Probably this is just a demo or something students may take a look at, not a required task.

What I have in the Maven pom.xml currently is
<argLine>-Xmx2048m</argLine>
within the properties struct, and in the build/plugins:
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.2</version>
<configuration>
<argLine>${argLine} -Xmx4096m -XX:MaxPermSize=512M ${itCoverageAgent}</argLine>
</configuration>
</plugin>
and the whole jacoco plugin structure is here, under the build/plugins structure (with some commented out sections):
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.8.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-unit-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<!-- Sets the path to the file which contains the execution data. -->
<dataFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco.exec</dataFile>
<outputDirectory>${project.reporting.outputDirectory}/jacoco</outputDirectory>
<propertyName>surefireArgLine</propertyName>
</configuration>
</execution>
<!-- Ensures that the code coverage report for unit tests is created
after unit tests have been run. -->
<execution>
<id>post-unit-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<!-- Sets the path to the file which contains the execution data. -->
<dataFile>${sonar.jacoco.reportPath}</dataFile>
<!-- Sets the output directory for the code coverage report. -->
<outputDirectory>${jacoco.path}</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-report</id>
<goals></goals>
<configuration>
<dataFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco.xml</dataFile>
<outputDirectory>${project.reporting.outputDirectory}/jacoco</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>jacoco-check</id>
<goals>
<goal>check</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<rules>
<rule>
<element>PACKAGE</element>
<limits>
<limit>
<counter>LINE</counter>
<value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
<minimum>0.0</minimum>
</limit>
</limits>
</rule>
</rules>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
and finally, you need to build from the command line with this Maven command:
mvn jacoco:prepare-agent package jacoco:report
So when viewing the code then, you can see the code coverage colors in the code editor sidebar on the left.

